Learning about the top health concerns for seniors can empower you to take an active role in your health care. Early detection, treatment and lifestyle modifications may save your life and help optimize your well-being so you can thrive.

1. Heart Disease

Heart disease is the #1 cause of death in Americans over 65. The risk of heart attack, stroke, heart valve problems, arrhythmia and heart failure rises as we age. Exercise, nutrition and lifestyle choices play a big role as high cholesterol, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and diabetes damage the heart over time. Warning signs include fatigue, confusion, palpitations, fainting and swelling in the feet or legs.

Sometimes it’s also a “silent” condition until a major cardiac event happens. Cardiac tests like EKGs, echocardiograms, stress tests and CT scans that check for blockages and heart damage are critical.

“It’s not all bad news,” says Kalpana Hool, MD, a Torrance Memorial Physician Network primary care and internal medicine specialist. “Many people can lower their risk for heart disease and improve heart conditions with consistent, healthy lifestyle modifications including diet and exercise. Of course, it’s critical patients work with their physician regarding any needed medication and get regular blood pressure and cholesterol level testing.”

Prevention:

• Choose healthy foods and drinks. Avoid overly processed, salty, sugary foods and drinks. Eat more whole fruits and vegetables and limit your intake of fried fast foods.
• Keep a healthy weight.
• Exercise regularly.
• Don’t smoke.
• Check cholesterol and blood pressure.
• Manage diabetes.

2. Cancer

Cancer is the #2 cause of death for seniors. Women must screen for cervical, endometrial and breast cancers, while men are at risk for prostate, lung and colon cancers. Symptoms depend on the cancer and location but may include lumps, abnormal bleeding, prolonged cough, changes in bowel habits or unexplained weight loss. Some cancers have no signs until later stages, so screening is critical for early detection and treatment. Radiation, chemotherapy, surgery and newer therapies help prolong life, and lifestyle changes can lower risk.

Prevention:

• Avoid tobacco, including second-hand smoke.
• Protect your skin from UV rays with hats and sunscreen.
• Get regular screenings: mammograms, colonoscopies, PSA levels and skin checks.
• Limit alcohol.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Consult a dietitian to assess nutritional choices.
• Test for Hepatitis C.

3. Arthritis

Arthritis causes progressive joint damage, pain and mobility restriction in half of all seniors. Osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis are most prevalent. Inflammation and pressure on cartilage make joints stiff, swollen and painful. This can occur in the knees, hips, fingers, lower back and neck. Early treatment can slow progression and ease symptoms.

“By making a few changes to your diet, inflammation can be reduced and mobility improved,” says Daneivys (Dani) Rodriguez-Brindicci, MS, RDN, director of clinical nutrition and medical nutrition therapy at Torrance Memorial. “Typically, when people lower sugar levels and limit processed and fried foods, they can experience relief to stiff and swollen joints. Find a dietitian who can tailor a program for your needs and lifestyle.”

Prevention:

• Incorporate a low-inflammation diet.
• Gentle movement like beginner yoga, swimming and tai chi may help.
• Acupuncture and massage may ease pain.
• Speak with your physician about medication options and clinical trials.

4. Diabetes

Diabetes affects 33% of Americans over 65. Seniors are more susceptible to developing diabetes-related complications like hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), kidney failure and heart disease. Many are diagnosed with “pre-type 2 diabetes”—a precursor to type 2 diabetes.

“If you have been diagnosed with pre-type 2 diabetes, do not shrug it off. Address it immediately so it doesn’t develop into diabetes and damage the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels,” warns Rodriguez-Brindicci. Signs of prediabetes include increased thirst, frequent urination, excess hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, slow wound healing, nerve pain and numbness in the hands and feet.

Once diagnosed with diabetes, careful blood sugar monitoring, medications, nutrition planning and activity management must occur. Screening, education, vaccinations, foot care and eye exams prevent dangerous amputation, blindness and stroke.

Prevention:

• Maintain a healthy weight and exercise. Aim for 150 minutes of mild to moderate exercise weekly.
• Avoid red and processed meat and sugary foods and drinks. Aim for fresh vegetables, lean meats, fish, nuts, yogurt and whole grains. Meet with a dietitian to learn more.
• Do not smoke.
• Limit alcohol.
• Monitor blood pressure.

5: Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia

One in 10 Americans over 65 has dementia, and nearly 6.9 million seniors have Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s causes progressive memory loss, confusion and limited cognitive functioning and problem-solving ability. Dementia, typically seen in the oldest population, ranges from mild forgetfulness to stronger confusion. Risk factors include family history and genetics, yet studies show positive lifestyle changes can slow or even prevent onset.

Prevention:

• Exercise daily (gentle movement counts!).
• Engage in cognitive training (puzzles, word games, reading).
• Incorporate a healthy diet.
• Review new medications and upcoming clinical trials with your physician.
• Lower stress and anxiety. Consider gentle yoga, breathing exercises, tai chi, massage, meditation, walks in nature and time with uplifting friends.
• Increase your sleep by lowering the lights at home after 7 p.m. and not eating too late.Learning about the top health concerns for seniors can empower you to take an active role in your health care. Early detection, treatment and lifestyle modifications may save your life and help optimize your well-being so you can thrive.

Kalpana Hool, MD, practices at Torrance Memorial Physician Network Palos Verdes, 602 Deep Valley Dr., Suite 300, Rolling Hills Estates. She can be reached at 310-517-4692. To inquire about the wide range of nutritional services and programs at Torrance Memorial, please call 310-891-6707 or visit TorranceMemorial.org/nutrition.